Appendix:Ingliz talaffuz
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Ingliz
[tahrirlash]Quyidagi jadvaldagi ingliz tili turli tovushlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi MFA va enPR / Ahd ramzlari ko'rsatadi. Qabul talaffuz (RP, Buyuk Britaniya), General Amerika talaffuz (GenAm, AQSh), Avstraliya ingliz (Aue) va Yangi Zelandiya ingliz (NZE) tovushlarni ko'rsatilgan. Boshqa Lahjalari undoshlarga uchun, Vikipediya ko'ramiz Ingliz uchun MFA grafik.
- Ushbu jadvaldagi eski versiyasi an rasm mavjud.
Bu unli stol monoftonglar va diftonglar ikkala roʻyxatini koʻrsatadi.
| MFA | enPR / AHD | misollar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} RP |
 GenAm |
 CanE |
 AuE |
 NZE
| ||
| ɑː | ɑ | ɒ | aː | ɐː | ä | father, palm |
| æ | ɛ | ă | bad, cat, ran[1][2] | |||
| æɹ | ɛɹ | ăr | carry | |||
| eɪ | æɪ | æe | ā | day, pain | ||
| ɑː | ɑɹ | aː | ɐː | är | arm, bard | |
| ɛə / ɛː(ɹ) | ɛɹ | eː | eə | âr | hair, there[3] | |
| ɛ | e | ĕ | bed[4] | |||
| ɛɹ | ĕr | merry | ||||
| iː | i | iː | ē | ease, see | ||
| ɪ | ɘ | ĭ | sit, city, bit | |||
| ɪ | i | city, very, ready | ||||
| ɪ̈ , ɨ | roses | |||||
| ɪə | ɪɹ | ɪə | iə | ĭr, îr | near, here, Sirius | |
| aɪ | aɪ (ʌɪ) | ɑe | ɑe | ī | my, rice | |
| ɒ | ɑ | ɒ | ɔ | ɒ | ŏ | not, wasp |
| əʊ | oʊ | əʉ | ɐʉ | ō | no, go, hope | |
| ɔə | oɹ, ɔɹ | ɔɹ | ōr | hoarse | ||
| ɔː | ɔ | ɒ | oː | oː | ô | law, caught |
| ɔː | ɔɹ | ôr | horse | |||
| ɔɪ | oɪ | oe | oi | boy, noise | ||
| ʊ | o͝o, ŏŏ | put, foot | ||||
| ʊə | ʊɹ | ʊə | ʉə | o͝or, ŏŏr | poor, tour, tourism | |
| uː | u | uː | ʉː | o͞o, ōō | lose, soon, through | |
| aʊ | aʊ (ʌʊ) | æo | ou | house, now | ||
| ʌ | a | ɐ | ŭ | run, enough, up | ||
| ɜː | ɝ, əɹ | ɝː | ɜː | ɵː | ûr | fur, bird |
| ə | ɘ | ə | about | |||
| ə | ɚ | ə | ɘ | ər | winner, enter[5] | |
| MFA | enPR / AHD | misollar |
|---|---|---|
| b | b | but, web, rubble |
| tʃ | ch | chat, teach, nature |
| d | d | dot, idea, nod |
| f | f | fan, left, enough |
| ɡ | g | get, bag |
| h | h | ham |
| ʍ (hw)[6] | hw | which |
| dʒ | j | joy, agile, age |
| k | k | cat, tack |
| x | ᴋʜ | loch (Shotlandiya ingliz tilida) |
| l | l | left |
| l̩ (əl)[7] | l | little |
| m | m | man, animal, him |
| m̩ (əm)[7] | m | spasm, prism |
| n | n | note, ant, pan |
| n̩ (ən)[7] | n | hidden |
| ŋ | ng | singer, ring |
| p | p | pen, spin, top, apple |
| ɹ[8] | r | run, very |
| s | s | set, list, ice |
| ʃ | sh | ash, sure, ration |
| t | t | ton, butt |
| θ | th | thin, nothing, moth |
| ð | th | this, father, clothe |
| v | v | voice, navel |
| w | w | wet |
| j | y | yes |
| z | z | zoo, quiz, rose |
| ʒ | zh | vision, treasure |
Boshqa belgilar
[tahrirlash]A belgisi MFA berilyapti boʻgʻinda oldin joylashtirilgan va undan keyin enPR / Ahd boʻlgan.
| MFA | enPR (AHD) |
koʻrsatadi |
|---|---|---|
| ˈ (ˈa) | ʹ (aʹ) | primary stress, as in rapping /ˈɹæpɪŋ/ |
| ˌ (ˌa) | ' (a') | secondary stress (or sometimes tertiary stress), as in battleship /ˈbætl̩ˌʃɪp/ |
| a.a | a-a | boʻgʻinlarda oʻrtasidagi boʻlinish |
| ̩ | boʻlgani kabi, boʻgʻinli undosh ridden [ˈɹɪdn̩] | |
| ʔ | kabi glottal to'xtatish, uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/, [ˈʌ̆ʔ˦oʊ˨] |
Eslatma: EnPR va bosma Ahd belgilari biroz boshqacha. Onlayn, Ahd ular har doim bir xil tovushni ifodalovchi vakili yoʻq boʻlsa-da, ikkalasi ham "deb yozadi.
Adabiyotlar
[tahrirlash]- ↑ Sometimes transcribed XFA: /a/ for RP, for example in dictionaries of the Oxford University Press.
- ↑ See bad–lad split for more discussion of this vowel in Australian English.
- ↑ Alternative symbols used in British dictionaries include XFA: /ɛː/ (Oxford University Press) and XFA: /eə/ .
- ↑ Sometimes transcribed XFA: /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.
- ↑ Sometimes transcribed for GA as [əɹ] or (for transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations) as [ə(ɹ)].
- ↑ Some phonologists dispute that /ʍ/ is a distinct phoneme in English, and use /hw/ instead.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Some phonologists dispute that /l̩,/, /n̩,/, /m̩/ are distinct phonemes in English, and use /əl/, /ən/, /əm/ instead.
- ↑ Often written /r/, especially in works that cover only English, even though the sound is not a trill.